Topics

• Convergence and divergence of light

• Images formed by a concave mirror; related concepts

• Centre of curvature; principal axis

• Optic centre, focus, focal length.

• Refraction; laws of refraction

• Effects of current

• Potential, Potential difference, Ohm’s law

• Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors

• Power: dissipation due to current

• The interrelation between P, V, I and R

• Magnet-Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current-carrying wire, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid

• Force on a current-carrying conductor

• Fleming’s left-hand rule

• Electromagnetic induction

• Induced potential difference

• Induced current

• Direct current

• Alternating current; frequency of AC.

• Advantage of AC over DC.

• Domestic electric circuits.

• Chemical Substances- Nature and behaviour.

• Acids, bases and salts-

• General properties, examples and uses.

• Chemical reactions-

• Types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double

• Displacement

• Precipitation

• Neutralization

• Oxidation and reduction in terms of gain and loss of oxygen and hydrogen.

• Metals and non-metals-

• Basic metallurgical processes, Properties of common metals.

• Carbon Compounds-

• An elementary idea about bonding.

• Saturated hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids (no preparation, only properties).

• Some Important chemical compounds-

• Soap-cleansing action of soap.

• Periodic classification of elements-

• Gradations in properties: Mendeleev periodic table.

• Our environment-Environmental problems, their solutions.

• Biodegradable, non-biodegradable, Ozone Depletion.

• Life Processes: “living” things;

• The Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

• Control and Coordination in plants and animals-

• Tropic movements in plants; Introduction to plant hormones.

• Control and coordination in animals: voluntary, involuntary and reflex action nervous system, chemical coordination: animal hormones.

• Reproduction in plants and animals.

• Need for and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV, AIDS. Childbearing and women’s health.

• Heredity and evolution-

• Heredity.

• Origin of life: a brief introduction

• Basic concepts of evolution.

• Conservation of natural resources-

• Management of natural resources.

• Conservation and judicious use of natural resources.

• Forest and wildlife.

• Coal and petroleum conservation.

• People’s participation- Chipko movement.

• Legal perspectives in conservation and international scenario.

• The Regional environment-

• Big dams: advantages and limitations.

• Water harvesting.

• Sustainability of natural resources.

• Sources of energy-

• Different forms of energy- fossil fuels,

• solar energy, biogas, wind, water and tidal energy.

• Nuclear energy.

• Renewable versus non – renewable sources.