NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography 2025: Download Geography NCERT Solutions PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography 2024 is available here in pdf format. Students can download the NCERT Class 12 Geography Solutions Chapter 1. Class 12 NCERT Geography Solutions are available in pdf format so that the students can easily download the pdf and prepare for the exam. NCERT solutions are prepared as per the latest CBSE syllabus. It comprises all chapters from the 12th CBSE Geography Textbooks. The Solutions of NCERT Geography will help the students to understand the concepts and learn the terms easily. NCERT Geography Chapter 2 Solutions are available for each chapter in pdf format. Read the article to download the NCERT class 12 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 from the pdf links given here. 

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography: Chapter-wise PDF

The Geography subject of class CBSE class 12 mainly deals with the concept of Human Geography and the various concepts within it. So, if you are finding it tough to understand a particular Geography chapter or topic, then you can take the help of NCERT solutions of the subject. Our Human Geography NCERT solutions follow natural language and can prove to be helpful in explaining a particular topic in detail. Students can take help from the NCERT Geography Solutions from the pdf links provided in this article. These solutions are prepared by subject experts and well-known academicians. So it is highly recommended for the students to download the NCERT Geography Class 12 Solutions and get good marks in the exam.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Human Geography Nature and Scope

Chapter 1 of NCERT Geography is about Human geography is defined as “the relationship between the physical/ natural and the human worlds, the spatial distribution of human phenomenon and how they come about, the social and economic difference between different parts of the world.” According to Ratzel “ Human geography is the synthetic study of the relationship between human societies and earth’s surface”.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 The World Population Distribution, Density, and Growth

Chapter 2 is about the detailed discussion of the Population and factors influencing the distribution and density of population in the world. The areas with high population density across the world have at least one or usually multiple factors favorable for the settlement of population. Wherever people found conducive conditions for living, they have been settling there. With the passage of time and the growth of population, these areas became regions of thick population density. For example, the regions with the availability of water, good climate, presence of minerals, and other resources, of religious or cultural significance became regions of thick population. Example: Ganga-Yamuna Doab, Mediterranean regions. Also, Birth Rates and Death Rates are explained in this chapter.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition

People of any country are diverse in many respects. Each person is unique in his own way. People can be distinguished by their age, sex, and their place of residence. The entire gamut of people residing in a particular place along with their growth, distribution, and variety may be termed as its population composition. Age structure represents the number of people of different age groups. This is an important indicator of population composition since a large size of the population in the age group of 15-59 indicates a large working population.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Human Development

NCERT Geography Chapter 4 is about the Human Development. It is described as a development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives. People are central to all development under this concept. These choices are not fixed but keep on changing. The basic goal of human development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives. The concept of human development was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq_ Dr. Haq has described human development as development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 5 Primary Activities

NCERT Chapter 5 is about the Primary Activities of the Humans. In this chapter different types of Farming and Agriculture methods are discussed. Students will learn about the modern farming techniques which have been evolved from primitive farming methods. Students are also taught about Livestock farming. Market gardening is specialized in the cultivation of high-value crops such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers, solely for the urban markets. It is practiced near urban areas because farms are small and are located where there are good transportation links with the urban centre where a high-income group of consumers is located.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 6 Secondary Activities

In chapter 6 students are taught about Manufacturing. Manufacturing adds value to natural resources by transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets. It involves a full array of products from handicrafts to molding iron and steel and stamping out plastic toys to assembling delicate computer components or space vehicles. High technology is the latest generation of manufacturing activities which is best understood as the application of intensive research and development (R and D) efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

In chapter 7 students are taught about retail trading services. This is the business activity concerned with the sale of goods directly to the consumers. Most of the retail trading takes place in fixed establishments or stores solely devoted to selling. It includes small shops, consumer cooperatives, chain stores, departmental stores. Street peddling, handcarts, trucks, door-to-door, mail-order, telephone, automatic vending machines, and internet are examples of non-store retail selling.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 Transport and Communication

In NCERT Chapter 9, students are taught about the various modes of transportation. Transport is a service or facility for the carriage of persons and goods from one place to the other using humans, animals, and different kinds of vehicles. Such movements take place over land, water, and air. The significance of a model depends on the type of goods and services to be transported, costs of transport, and the mode available. The international movement of goods is handled by ocean freighters. Road transport is cheaper and faster over short distances and for door-to-door services. Railways are most suited for large volumes of bulky materials over long distances within a country. High-value, light, and perishable goods are best moved by the airways.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 International Trade

In chapter 9 students are taught about the basic Principles of International Trade, it is the exchange of goods and services among countries across national boundaries. Countries need to trade to obtain commodities, they cannot produce themselves or they can purchase elsewhere at a lower price. The basic function of the World Trade Organisation is to act as an international organization to deal with the global rules of trade between nations. It sets the rules for global trading and resolves disputes between member nations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements

A human settlement is defined as a place inhabited more or less permanently. It may include temporary camps of hunters or herders and also the permanent settlements called villages, towns, cities, large agglomeration. Settlements can be classified on basis of residence and main occupation into rural and urban. Settlements may also be classified on basis of their shape, pattern types into Compact or Nucleated settlements and Dispersed settlements. The study of human settlements is basic to human geography because the form of settlement in any particular region reflects a human relationship with the environment. Human settlement in any particular area reflects human land association and is affected by physical, economic, and social factors.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography- All Chapters

NCERT Geography Class 12 Solutions are given below for all Chapters. Students can click on the link of the respective Chapter number to download Class 12 Geography NCERT Chapter-wise Solutions.

Section A- Fundamentals of Human geography NCERT Solutions

• Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions Human (Nature and Scope)
• Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 The World Population (Distribution, Density, and Growth)
• Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition
• Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Human Development
• Class 12 Geography Chapter 5 Primary Activities
• Class 12 Geography Chapter 6 Secondary Activities
• Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
• Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 Transport and Communication
• Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 International Trade
• Class 12 Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements

Section B- India People and Economy Geography NCERT Solutions