IGNOU Ph.D. - Syllabus
Indira Gandhi National Open University Ph.D.
Computer Based Test
IGNOU Ph.D. 2022 Revised Syllabus: New Syllabus, Research Methodology, Download PDF
Updated On - February 11 2022 by Vikash Jha
IGNOU Ph.D. 2022 Revised Syllabus is released by National Testing Agency at https://ignou.nta.ac.in/. Interested Candidates may go through the revised Syllabus and apply online and also to pay the Applicable fee Online through the designated Banks/ Payment gateways as mentioned in the Information Bulletin. The syllabus of the Entrance Test is as per the ‘University Grants Commission (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of M.Phil. /Ph.D. Degrees) Regulations, 2016 comprising 50% on research methodology and 50% on specific subject. The question paper shall have total 100 questions consisting of 50% on research methodology and 50% on specific subject.
Discipline wise Specific IGNOU Ph.D. 2022 Revised Syllabus for Entrance Test
The Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU Ph.D.) 2022 is conducted by National Testing Agency. The revised syllabus is also released by NTA & IGNOU.
1. Ph.D. Anthropology:
Anthropology and Methods of Research Introducing Anthropology: Defining Anthropology, Meaning, Scope, History, Branches of Anthropology, Emerging Frontiers in Anthropology Field Work Tradition in Anthropology: Field Work and its Relevance, Ethnography, Techniques, Methods and Methodology, Genealogy and Pedigree Research Design: Review of Literature and Statement of Research Problem, Theory, Research Design Data Collection Techniques: Primary Data, Secondary Data, And Biological Methods, Archaeological Methods Statistical Analysis: Collection and Presentation of Data, Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion, Statistical Distribution, Using SPSS for Data Analysis Contents.
Physical Anthropology: Introduction to Physical Anthropology: Definition and Scope, Relationship with Other Disciplines, Applied aspects of Physical Anthropology Human Evolution: Principles of Evolution, Theories of Organic Evolution, Synthetic Theory, Palaeoanthropology Primate Study:Living Primates, Primate Behaviour. Biological Diversity: Concept of Race, Characteristic, Criteria of Biological Diversity, Racial Classification Human Genetics: Human Genetics, Methods in Human Genetics, Population Genetics, Aberrations in Chromosomes Human Growth and Development: Principles of Growth, Methods and Influencing Factors, Human Constitution and Physique, Reproductive Biology Ecological Anthropology: Fundamentals of Ecology, Adaptation to Environment, Epidemiological Anthropology.
Social Anthropology: Introduction to Social Anthropology: Social Anthropology: Nature and Scope, Philosophical and Historical Foundations of Social Anthropology, Relationship of Social Anthropology with Allied Disciplines Society and Culture: Concept of Society and Culture, Social Groups, Social Identity and Movements, Social Change in Indian Context Anthropological Theories: Classical Theories, Functionalism, Structural Functionalism and Neo- Functionalism, Social Organisation and Dynamic Theories of Structure, Culture and Personality, Marxism, Structuralism, Feminism, Post-Modernism and PostColonialism Kinship, Marriage and Family: Kinship, Descent and Alliance Theories, Marriage, Family, Kinship, Family and Marriage in India Religion: Concepts and Approaches to the Study of Religion, Rituals and Symbolism, Religious Specialists Economic and Political Organisations: Concepts and Definitions, State and Stateless Societies: Political Institutions, Production, Consumption and Exchange, Political Power and Distribution of Resources.
Archaeological Anthropology: Introduction to Archaeological Anthropology: Definitions and Scope, History and Development,Interdisciplinary Relations Tool types and techniques in Archaeology: Space, Tool Families, Tool-Technologies, Household and Decorative Objects Geological Framework: Time and Space, Recent Period, Human Palaeontology Dating Methods: Relevance of Dating, Relative and Absolute dating Lithic Cultures: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic. Evidence of palaeolithic culture in India Indus Valley Civilization.
2. Ph.D. Political Science
Research Methodology: Methodology/Framework: Systems, Marxian and Post–Modern approaches, Inter– Disciplinary approach. Research Methods: Research Design-Research Proposal, Review of Literature, Hypothesis/Research Questions, Analysis and Interpretation of Data.
Political Theory & Thought: Introduction to Political Theory: Meaning, nature and scope of political theory, Approaches– Normative, Historical and Empirical, Perspectives– Feminist and Post–modern Concepts: Liberty, Equality and Justice, Citizenship, Civil Society Indian and Western Political Thought: Thinkers and Themes Contemporary Debates: Human Rights, Multiculturalism, Environment & Sustainable Development.
India: State and Society - Introduction: State, Society and Politics Interface (Conceptual and Theoretical Aspects) Working of the Indian Constitution Indian State: India’s Political Economy, Nature of the Indian State, Models of Development, Development in India- Regional Variations Social Movements: Identity-Based Movements: Caste, Religion, Gender, Tribe, Region, Class Movements:Farmers and Working Classes Democracy in India: Electoral Democracy (Methodology, Issues and Debates).
Globalization and International Relations: Major theories of IR International Peace and Cooperation: National Sovereignty and Humanitarian Intervention, Human Security and Human Development Agenda, Environment and Sustainability India in the Emerging World Order: India’s Neighborhood, India and Great Powers, India and the Developing World International Political Economy: Trade and Finance, Globalization: Mechanisms and Forums International Institutions, Regimes and Orders: International Governance-Issues and Mechanisms, Regional Economic Groupings International Civil Society and Non-State Actors in IR.
3. Ph.D. Chemistry
PART A: - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- Objectives of research
- Research methods versus Research Methodology
- Types of research: Descriptive versus Analytical; Applied versus Fundamental; Quantitative versus Qualitative; Conceptual versus Empirical
- Literature Review: Methods and Importance
- Research design: Need, Types and Features of research design.
- Formulating Research Problem.
- Collection and analysis of Data: Importance and Methods of data collection,
- Data Analysis with Statistical Packages
- Ethical issues in Research: Copyright, Intellectual Property Rights; Plagiarism
PART B: - I INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Chemical periodicity
- Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules (VSEPR Theory).
- Concepts of acids and bases: Hard-Soft acid base concept, Non-aqueous solvents.
- Main group elements and their compounds: Allotropy, synthesis, structure and bonding, industrial importance of the compounds.
- Transition elements and coordination compounds: structure, bonding theories, spectral and magnetic properties, reaction mechanisms.
- Inner transition elements: spectral and magnetic properties, redox chemistry, analytical applications.
- Organometallic compounds: synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity. Organometallics in homogeneous catalysis.
- Cages and metal clusters.
- Analytical chemistry- separation, spectroscopic, electro- and thermoanalytical methods.
- Bioinorganic chemistry: photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport, electron- transferreactions; nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in medicine.
- Characterisation of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, Mössbauer, UVVIS, NQR, MS,electron spectroscopy and microscopic techniques.
- Nuclear chemistry: nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques and activation analysis.
II: Physical Chemistry
- Basic principles of quantum mechanics: Postulates; operator algebra; Model systems: particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator; Hydrogen atom, including shapes of atomic orbitals; orbital and spin angular momenta; tunneling.
- Approximate methods of quantum mechanics: Variation principle; perturbation theory up to second order in energy; applications.
- Atomic structure and spectroscopy: term symbols; many-electron systems and antisymmetry principle.
- Chemical bonding: Elementary aspects of MO and VB theories; Huckel theory for conjugated π-electron systems.
- Chemical applications of group theory: symmetry elements; point groups; character tables; selection rules.
- Molecular spectroscopy: Rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic spectra; IR and Raman activities – selection rules; basic principles of magnetic resonance.
- Chemical thermodynamics: Laws, state and path functions and their applications; thermodynamic description of various types of processes; Maxwell’s relations; spontaneity and equilibria; temperature and pressure dependence of thermodynamic quantities; Le Chatelier principle; elementary description of phase transitions; phase equilibria and phase rule; thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal gases, and solutions.
- Statistical thermodynamics: Boltzmann distribution; kinetic theory of gases; partition functions and their relation to thermodynamic quantities – calculations for model systems.
- Electrochemistry: Nernst equation, redox systems, electrochemical cells; DebyeHuckel theory; electrolytic conductance – Kohlrausch’s law and its applications; ionic equilibria; conductometric and potentiometric titrations.
- Chemical kinetics: Empirical rate laws and temperature dependence; complex ; steady state approximation; determination of reaction mechanisms; collision and transition state theories of rate constants; unimolecular reactions; enzyme kinetics; salt effects; homogeneous catalysis; photochemical reactions.
- Colloids and surfaces: Stability and properties of colloids; isotherms and surface area; heterogeneous catalysis.
- Solid state: Crystal structures; Bragg’s law and applications; band structure of solids.
- Polymer chemistry: Molar masses; kinetics of polymerization.
- Data analysis: Mean and standard deviation; absolute and relative errors; linear regression; covariance and correlation coefficient.
III. Organic Chemistry
- IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers.
- Principles of stereochemistry: Configurational and conformational isomerism in acyclic and cyclic compounds; stereogenicity, stereoselectivity, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity and asymmetric induction.
- Aromaticity: Benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds – generation and reactions.
- Organic reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
- Organic reaction mechanisms involving addition, elimination and substitution reactions with electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical species. Determination of reaction pathways.
- Common named reactions and rearrangements – applications in organic synthesis.
- Organic transformations and reagents: Functional group interconversion including oxidations and reductions; common catalysts and reagents (organic, inorganic, organometallic and enzymatic). Chemo, regioand stereoselective transformations.
- Concepts in organic synthesis: Retrosynthesis, disconnection, synthons, linear and convergent synthesis, umpolung of reactivity and protecting groups.
- Asymmetric synthesis: Chiral auxiliaries, methods of asymmetric induction – substrate, reagent and catalyst controlled reactions; determination of enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess; enantio-discrimination. Resolution – optical and kinetic.
- Pericyclic reactions: electrocyclisation, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements and other related concerted reactions. Principles and applications of photochemical reactions in organic chemistry.
- Synthesis and reactivity of common heterocyclic compounds containing one or two heteroatoms (O, N, S).
- Chemistry of natural products: Carbohydrates, proteins and peptides, fatty acids, nucleic acids, terpenes, steroids and alkaloids. Biogenesis of terpenoids and alkaloids.
- Structure determination of organic compounds by IR, UV-Vis, 1H &13C NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques.
4. Ph.D. Geology
Structure:
| Section | Name of Section | S.No. | Course Title |
| A. | Research Methodology | 1. | Research Methodology in Geology |
| B. | DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC COURSES | 2. | Physical Geology and Geomorphology |
| 3. | Structural Geology and Tectonics | ||
| 4. | Stratigraphy and Palaeontology | ||
| 5. | Mineralogy | ||
| 6. | Petrology | ||
| 7. | Georesources and Economic Geology | ||
| 8. | Geochemistry | ||
| 9. | Applied Geology |
SECTION A. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Research Methodology in Geology: Definition, outcome and importance of geological research; theory and philosophy of research methodology in context to geology; emerging areas and interdisciplinary researchin Geology. Identifying and defining research problem; techniques involved in defining research problem and identifying gaps; sources of literature; implications of literature collection and its review. Preparation and planning for fieldwork; field kit and equipments; safety measures in field; field procedures and precautions taken during sampling; maintenance of field notebook; uses of topographical maps and satellite images; selection of traverses; recognition of geological features, rock types and stratigraphic contacts in field; use of clinometer compass, measurement of dip and strike of strata; measurements of geologic sections; uses of GPS; recording field observations in field notebook; geological mapping. Data collection; sampling methods; data collection methods in sedimentology, palaeontology, stratigraphy, structural geology and tectonics, mineralogy, petrology, ore geology and hydrogeology; classification and presentation of data; role of statistics and computers in research; use of computer in data processing; methodsof communicating and displaying analysed data; applications of Geographic Information System. Thin section preparation; petrological and palaeontological microscopes; Ore microscopy; SEM microphotography; preparation of samples for geochemical and XRD analysis, heavy mineral separation; construction of lithologs; geophysical exploration methods, remote sensing data. Intellectual property rights, patents, copyright and related rights; ethics-plagiarism and integrity.
SECTION B. GEOLOGY COURSES
2. Physical Geology and Geomorphology: Composition of the crust and Earth as a whole; basic concepts and significance of geomorphology; relationship between landforms and geomorphic processes- fluvial, aeolian, glacial, and marine; soils; geomorphology of India; applications of geomorphology; mountainbuilding; volcanoes and earthquake; seismic belts of India.
3. Structural Geology and Tectonics: Classification of folds and faults; Mechanism of folding; concept of stress and strain and their geological significance; joints and unconformities. concept of plate tectonics; palaeo magnetism, polar wandering and reversal of Earth’s magnetic field; sea-floor spreading, island arcs and mountain chains.
4. Stratigraphy and Palaeontology: Principles of stratigraphy, time scale and its divisions; stratigraphic classifications; stratigraphic nomenclature; stratigraphic correlation; facies concept in stratigraphy; marine transgression and regression; ice ages; broad stratigraphic subdivisions of India. Fossil and modes of fossilization; application of fossils in age determination; evolutionary trends and geologic distribution of Brachiopoda, Pelecypoda, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Echinoids, Graptolites and Corals; elementary idea about the origin of major groups of vertebrates; evolutionary history of Horse, Elephant and Man; plant life through geologic ages.
5. Mineralogy: Physical and optical properties of minerals; classification of minerals; mineralogy of silicates, polymorphism, isomorphism and pseudomorphism; solid solution and exsolution; X-ray crystallography; concept of symmetry; crystallographic classification.
6. Petrology: Generation and evolution of magma; Bowen’s reaction series; textures and classification of igneous rocks; phase equilibria: single, binary and ternary systems; silicate systems; genesis and tectonic setting of different magma types; cooling and crystallisation of magma. Sedimentation, lithification and diagenesis; structures and textures; classification of sedimentary rocks; depositional environments; sedimentation and tectonics; heavy minerals and their applications in provenance studies. Metamorphism and metamorphic processes; metamorphic differentiation; metamorphic facies; types of metamorphism and metamorphic rocks; metasomatism and anatexis.
7. Georesources and Economic Geology: Ore genesis; ore localisation and ore shoots; ore dressing and beneficiation; strategic, critical and essential minerals; national mineral policy; economic minerals of India; fossil fuels.
8. Geochemistry: Cosmic abundances of elements; geochemical classification and differentiation of the elements; trace element geochemistry; radiogenic and non-radiogenic isotopes; concept of geochemical and biogeochemical cycles and global climates.
9. Applied Geology: Engineering Geology: Engineering properties of rocks; geological investigations, seismic parameters and remedial measures related to the construction of dams, bridges, highways and tunnels; mass movements with special emphasis on landslides and causes of hill slope instability.
Mineral Exploration: Principles and methodology of geological prospecting for economic minerals and rocks; sampling methods, methods for estimating reserve and resources, grade and tonnage calculation of the deposits; pathfinder elements; geochemical and geophysical methods; mining in India.
Hydrogeology: Hydrological cycle; hydrological properties of rock; distribution of surface and groundwater in the Earth’s crust; global water budget; movement of groundwater; aquifers classification and characteristics; Darcy’s law; Theis equation; water table; flow nets; groundwater provinces of India; groundwater quality and pollution; groundwater prospecting; desalination; springs and its types.
Environmental Geology: Environment and energy; non-conventional energy resources; geoenvironment; environmental hazards, instrumentation and analysis; disposal of municipal, domestic, hospital, solid and nuclear wastes; oil spills; environmental impact assessment (EIA); environmental legislation: national/international standards; application of remote sensing and GIS in environmental management.
Remote Sensing and GIS: Electromagnetic radiation; aerial photographs and their geometry; elements of photo and image interpretation; satellite remote sensing; global and Indian space missions, sensor and their characteristics; digital image processing techniques; geological applications of remote sensing, GIS and GPS.
Form Start Date:
05 Dec 2021
Form End Date:
28 Feb 2023
The last date to submit the form was on 28 Feb 2023
Browse Other ExamsExamination Date (Online):
24 Feb 2023
Application Fees:
₹ 1,000
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